Controller



March 24, 1953 B. I. ULINSKI 2,632,319

CONTROLLER Original FiledNov. l, 1945 8 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR ATTORNEY March 24, 1953 B. 1. ULINSKI 2,632,819

CONTROLLER Original Filed Nov. 1, 1945 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 4min? 62 C d ATTORNEY INVENTOR B. l. ULlNSKl March 24, 1953 CONTROLLER 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Nov. 1, 1945 m k% w ATTORNEY March 24, 1953 B. l. ULINSKI I 5 2 CONTROLLER O riginal Filed Nov. 1, 1945 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 746 i w. 17 #6 O J 1 O Fm M6 m9 T175. 0 x 1 Q w h 459 02 W I 1 1 {34 5 i I [I II. I36 s 732 I37 I35 h I 706 gnarl- 0R N x BY z lfll ATTORNEY B. l. ULINSKI CONTROLLER March 24, 1953 8 Sheefcs-Sheet 5 INVENTOR AfToRNEY Original Filed Nov. 1, 1945 B. l. ULINSKI CONTROLLER 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 March 24, 1953 Original Filed Nov. 1, 1945 Ill I I coir/1cm? (own-4:702

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March 24, 1953 B. l. ULlNSKl 2,632,819

CONTROLLER Original Filed Nov. 1, 1945 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR A'ITORNEY March 24, 1953 B. l. ULINSKI 2,632,819

CONTROLLER Origina}. Filed Nov. 1, 1945 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 3 'llll|Il1Illll|lIIll!lIIIIIIllllllIIHIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMI Q I, 1::5

I I mu 2 ll|l|IIlllllllllillllll llllllllIlllEllIIIlIIllllllllllllllllmllm 8% INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 24, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE The Yale & Towne Manufacturing Company, Stamford, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Original application November 1, 1945, Serial D. 626,118, now Patent No. 2,510,028, dated May 30, 1950. Divided and this application August 18 ,1947, Serial No. 769,207

13 Claims. 1

This application is a division of my application Serial No. 626,118 filed November 1, 1945 and relating to a motor circuit control adapted particularly for use with the motor of an electric industrial truck. The parent application issued on May 30, 1950 as Patent No. 2,510,028.

The invention of this application covers anew and novel means for operating a controller of -a type that may be used in the motor circuit control of my application supra.

It is the object of my invention to contribute means whereby a controller may not be moved through its several speed positions without some pause in each speed. The art contains many patents in which this problem has been attacked and met by some particular design. I have conceived a most simple and efiective structure in which the controller is actuated through the intermediary of intermediate means rather than directly, with timing means preferably controlling said intermediate means for preventing more than a predetermined rate of movement of the speed controller.

As a feature of my invention, the intermediate means may be energy storing means. Thus, energy may be stored in a spring or the equivalent thereof, and translated into movement of the controller at that rate of movement that is desired. As a moreparticular feature of this portion of my invention, the rate of movement of the controller by the intermediateor energy storing means is best determined through the utilization of a timer that in the preferred form of my invention is a dashpot.

As a further feature of my invention, the controller is equipped with an index mechanism for maintaining it yieldingly in any speed position, with the feature that the indexing mechanism is released by the application of the brakes of the truck, thereby allowing a return movement of the controller to neutral through spring pressure normally urging the controller towards its neutral position.

Still a further-feature of the invention resides in the utilization of positive means for efiecting the return of the controller to its neutral position, it being appreciated that these positive means in no way interfere with the movement of the controller to speed positions through the energy storing or spring mechanism just described. Even more particularly, positive means are utilized for limiting the movement of the controller under the influence of the spring or energy storing means.

I have thus outlined rather broadly themore important features of my invention, in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that my contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of my invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject of the claims appended "hereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception on which my disclosure is based may readily be utilized by those skilled in the-art as a basis for the designing of other structures for carrying out the several purposes of my invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims to be granted me shall be of sufficient breadth to prevent the appropriationof my invention by those skilled in the art. Referring now to the drawings, Fig. l is a front view looking toward the operators platform of a modern industrial truck. Fig. '2 is a side view of the structure of Fig.1. Fig. 3 is a view of the controller of the truck shown in Fig. 1 with the cover plate removed from the speed portion thereof and with the directional portion of the controller shown in section. Fig. 4 is asection taken along lines 4-4 of Fig. 3. Fig.5 is a horizontal section taken through the controller. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are sections taken respectively along lines,6' '6,1'l-l, and 8+3 of Fig. 'Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the indexrelease mountedabout a sleeve actuated by the brake treadle.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view ofa switch operating cam rotatable with the (index release. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of what 1 term the primary actuator. Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the controller cam carrier. Fig. 13 is aperspective view of the controller cams adapted to be carried bythe carrier. .Fig. 14 isa view similar toFig. but showing the parts in a different operating position. Fi 15 is a diagram of the electric circuit of my invention. Fig. .16 is a side View and partialsection .of one of the contactors used as part of .ml'invention. Fig. 17 is a section takenalong line ll.- l .'l of Fig. '16. Fig. 18 is a view looking .at the mechanism ,of Fig. 16 in the direction of the arrow 18 of Fig. 16.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, and especially Figs. 1 and 2, the truck v to which my invention jis applied is designatedby the letter T and is equipped. wlththe usual operators platform P. jThegsteeri lg of the truck is accomplished by asteering lever S although a steeringwheel maybe used. .Pivoted .to thetruck are .a pair of treadles, .one being marked .13 .because it is the brake treadle, while the other is marked with the letter 0 because it .is the operators safety treadle.

It will'be noted that the treadle Bis pivoted 3 at I9 and is connected by a rod H to arm i2 extending from a sleeve it on which is secured a second arm l4. Pivoted to the arm M is a rod 1! 5 that in turn is bifurcated at it so that it may be pivoted to the lever l? best shown in Fig. 9. The lever H is formed with bores l9 and we so that the rod l5 may, through its bifurcated portion it be pivoted either along the axis of the bore E9 or upon the axis of the bore iila. It will, of course, be appreciated that the treadle B is normally maintained by the spring 29 and rod 29a in its position of Figs. 1 and 2, rod 25a being suitably pivoted to sleeve E3. The lever H is normally held by treadle B therefore in a position wherein the parts rotatable therewith are positioned as in Fig. '7. Further explanation of this portion of the invention will be given later.

The foot treadle O is pivoted to the truck in somewhat the same manner as is the treadle B and is adapted to actuate a rod 2! that is adapted to extend into the controller casing as shown in Fig. 6 and then to extend from the controller casing into the directional switch casing also shown in Fig. 6. Further reference to the rod 2! will be made hereinafter. At this point, it is merely necessary to know that when the treadle O is in a depressed position, the rod 2i will be in its full upward position illustrated in Fig, 6. When the operator allows treadle O to move upwardly under the influence of spring 2511, then rod 2! will move downwardly from its position in Fig. 6 for a purpose to be indicated presently.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 3 to 13 inclusive, the controller casing is designated by reference letter C and is adapted normally to have its forward end closed as by a cover 22 best shown in Fig. 1. A shaft 29 is adapted to rotate within the casing, bein supported at its right end as best illustrated in Fig. 5 by needle bearings 2 extending between the shaft and the casing C. At its left end the shaft 29 is supported through needle bearings 25 relatively to a sleeve 25 best illustrated in Fig. 9. This sleeve 25 is fixed to the lever I! through the intermediary of a bolt 2? best shown in Fig. 5.

Through suitable means an index release 29 best shown in Fig. 9 is secured for rotation integrally with sleeve 26, it being understood that, if desired, the index release 28 could be formed integrally with the sleeve 25. For the purpose of facilitating fabrication the parts have been designed as illustrated in the drawings and as will be described. However, the fabrication may take place in any desired manner, all depending upon the prevailing processes. Secured also to the sleeve 26 for rotation integrally therewith is the switch cam 29 best shown in Fig. 10. This cam may be secured to the sleeve 25 as by a screw entering the bore 39 of the cam and extending into the threaded bore 3! of the sleeve. To insure its proper assembly, the cam 29 may have a further bore 32 for a bolt 33 that will extend into the threaded bore 35 of the index release 28.

Mounted about the shaft 23 just to the right of the index release 29 is what I choose to call a primary actuator, designated generally by reference numeral 35 and best shown in Fig. 11. This primary actuator is preferably fabricated of at least two castings maintained assembled by a pair of studs 36 and 37. The primary actuator has formed as an integral part thereof an index plate 38 that is adapted for cooperation with an index roller 39 that is mounted on an index lever i9 43 to the casing C of the controller. A spring 44 presses at one end against a plug 45 threaded into the casing C, the spring pressing at its other end against a bracket 46 formed integrally with the lever ill, thereby tending to rotate the lever 40 in a counter-clockwise direction in Figs. '7 and 14. A second roller W is carried at the left hand end of the lever $9 and is adapted to coact with the surface 58 of the index release 28 as will later be indicated in more detail.

Rotatable on the shaft 23 just to the right of the primary actuator is the controller cam carrier 59 best seen in Fig. 12, formed partially as a sleeve 59 and partially as a flange 5 I. Extending from the flange 5! is a pin 52 to which is secured one end 53 of a spring 54. The other end of the spring 55 is secured to the stud 3! of the index plate 39 of the primary actuator 35. The controller cam carrier 49 is freely mounted about the shaft 23, but the primary actuator 35 is secured for integral rotation with the shaft 23 through the intermediary of the bolt 55, best shown in Fig. 8, the nut securing the said bolt being designated by numeral 55.

It will now be appreciated that rotary movement of the primary actuator 35 with the shaft 23 in a clockwise direction in Figs, 7, 8 and 14 will efiect an elongation of the spring 54, and the spring 54 will then tend to rotate the controller cam carrier 49 also in a clockwise direction. A shoulder 51 on the primary actuator coacts with a Surface 58 of the flange 5| of the carrier 49 so as to limit the clockwise movement of the carrier to the extent of movement of the primary actubest seen in Fig. 7. The index lever 49 is in turn ator itself. It will also be appreciated that while clockwise movement wil1 be imparted to the carrier by the actuator through the intermediary of the spring 55, the return or counter-clockwise movement of the carrier will be effected through contact of the actuator shoulder 57 with the carrier surface 58.

Mounted about the sleeve 59 of the carrier 49 are the three controller cams designated generally by the single reference numeral 59, and best illustrated in Fig. 13. The extreme left cam is formed with a switch closing portion 69 having a dwell 55a. The central cam is formed with a switch closing portion 5i having double length dwell Gla. The extreme right controller cam i formed with a switch closing pbrtion 62 having also a double length dwell 52a. The three cams 59 are adapted to be secured for rotation integrally with the controller cam carrier 69 and for that purpose a composite bore 53 is formed in the two right hand cams for the passage of a bolt that extends into the threaded bore 54 of the sleeve 50. The extreme left hand controller cam 59 of Fig. 13, as well as the two right cams 59, are secured to the flange 5i of the carrier as by a threaded bolt 65 enterin the threaded opening 66 of the said flange 5!. It will be readily appreciated that any means for securing the three cams to the sleeve 55 and carrier '39 will be acceptable.

Mounted between the extreme left cam 59 and the central cam 59 in the space indicated by the reference numeral 91, is a lever 68 best shown in Fig. 6. The lever 58 is adapted to be inserted over the sleeve 59 and is preferably secured by the threaded bolt 55 to the cams 59 and to the carrier flange 53. In this way, the lever 98 rotates integrally with the controller cam carrier 49 and the three cams 59.

As best shown in Fig. 6, the lever 68 is bifurcated at 69 for cooperation with a pin 19 of a piston H mounted within the dashpot cylinder 12.

It will now be appreciated that the lever 68 will rotate together with the controller cam carrier under the influence of the spring 54 when the primary actuator is rotated clockwise in Fig. 6. The first rotation of the lever 68 will be independent of the pin 13 and the piston 71!. Thereafter, however, movement of the lever 68 will move the piston ll downwardly in the dashpot cylinder 12 so as to be controlled thereby. The flow of air into the cylinder I2 above the piston H is through a control valve 13 and suitable passages 14. By a particular positioning of the control valve '13 the resistance to the movement of the piston H may be regulated, as those skilled in the art will readily understand, so as to control its speed of movement under the stress of the spring 54. In other words, by the adjustment of the control valve 13, the speed of movement of the controller cam carrier and the cams 59 may be predetermined. However, up to first speed, because of the bifurcated end 59 of lever 38, the dashpot exer cises no control over the controller speed.

Movement of the piston ll upwardly by lever 68 to its neutral position of 6 is effected by the shoulder 51 of the primary actuator operating against the surface 58 of the flange ill of the carrier, and is at full speed as the valve mechanism allows for the free escape of air upwardly from the dashpot '52. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the dashpot construction per se may be of any preferred type so long as it allows for the movement of the piston freely in one direction, and against regulated air or liquid flow in a reverse direction. While I have shown the utilization of a piston adapted to pull air into a dashpot for the purpose of regulation, the regulation may be reversed by controlling the outward movement of the air from the dashpot cylinder under the pressure of the piston. In addition, other timing means may, of course, be utilized.

At its extreme right hand end, the shaft 23 has secured thereto through the bolt I5 and nut 'i5a, a bracket it as best shown in Figs. 3 and 5. To the bracket '55 there is secured a hand lever 17 through the bolts it best seen in Fig. 3. It will now be appreciated that upon rotation of the hand lever i? the shaft 23 will be rotated and will move therewith the primary actuator 35. The primary actuator will in turn apply tension to the spring 54 and through that tension will rotate the controller cam carrier il. With the controller cam carrier 49 there will be rotated the three switch cams 59 for controlling a series of switch levers in a manner to be set forth hereinafter.

I provide spring means for yieldingly urging the hand lever Ti and the shaft 23 into a predetermined initial and neutral position. These spring means are best disclosed in Figs. 4 and 5'. In those figures it will be noted that the bracket 76 has a circular hub 19 that is formed with a series of inwardly projecting slots 83. A coil spring 8! has one end thereof designated by reference numeral 82 fitting into one of the several slots 89. The other end of the spring terminates at 83 and bears against the rounded end of a lever 85 that is in bearing relation at 85 to a surface of the casing C of the controller. The spring is initially wound before being applied as illustrated, so that it tends always to maintain the hand lever TI and the shaft 23 in their positions illustrated in Figs. 3, '7, and 8. It will be noted in Figs. 7 and 8 that a surface 86 of the primary actuator 35 lies against alimit surface 86a of the casing, thereby limiting the movement of the shaft 23 and the hand lever 71 under the influence of the spring 3|.

The index plate 38, formed as part of the primary actuator 35 is adapted for cooperation with the roller 39 of the spring pressed lever 49 for maintaining the primary actuator yieldingly in any position to which it is moved by the hand lever T1. The index release 28, earlier described, is adapted for cooperation with the roller 47 of the lever 40 for moving the index lever 49 from its position of Fig. 14 to its position of Fig. '7, in which position the roller 39 is moved to release the index plate 33 so that the primary actuator and the shaft 23 may return to their initial position of Figs. 7 and 8. This movement of the index release 28 is imparted, of course, by the brake treadle B through the rods H and I5 and the lever I! when the brake treadle is moved to its position of Fig. 1. In other words, whenever the operator removes his foot from the brake treadle B, he releases the index mechanism so that the primary actuator may be returned to its initial or neutral position by spring 81.

Mounted within the controller casing C are four contact making and breaking switch levers 81, 38, 39, and 30. Since these levers and the contacts associated therewith are duplicates, I shall refer to Figs. 3, 5, and 6 to describe the construction of that one lever that I have designated by reference numeral 88, and shall describe also the particular contact mechanism cooperable with this switch lever. Switch lever '88 is formed of sheet metal bent up as illustrated in the drawings and pivoted at 9! to a bracket 92. Its sheet metal sides are bent and drilled to support a cross shaft 33 on which is carried a roller 94 as best seen in Fig. 6. A spring 95 is mounted so as to press at one end against a shoulder 96 of the bracket 92 and at its other end against asurface 31 of the lever 88 whereby to rotate the lever in a clockwise direction about its pivot 3|.

A spring 98 is carried within the forward boxlike portion formed by the sheet metal body of the lever 88 and presses at its upper end against the surface 89 and at its lower end against a contact bar we formed with spaced contacts Ill! and 62. These spaced contacts Hll, at: are adapted for cooperation with contacts I03, Hi l mounted on an insulation member I55 that is suitably secured within the casing C as best illustrated in Fig. 6. Suitable conductor leads are, of course, adapted to be secured to the contacts I93, Hi l at E3 and to be held in position, all as is well illustrated and as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

The particular switch lever 88 seen best in Fig. 6 is adapted for cooperation with that particular cam 59 of Fig. 13 that is formed with the surface til and the short dwell 63a. It will readily be perceived that when the surface 6% is rotated to bring the dwell 69a opposite the roller 84, the spring 95 will function to press the lever 88 so that its contacts till, 502 will bridge the stationary contacts I83, I05 to close a circuit. In a similar way, rotation of that cam 53 that is formed with the surface 61 and the double dwell 65a will effect rotation of the switch'lever'83 so that its contacts It! and it may move into circuit closing position. The double dwell 62a of the controller cam portion 62 will control the movement of the switch'lever so that its contacts Hi9 and He may close a circuit. It is, of course, appreciated that the dwells 6011,6111, and 62a are spaced circumferentially one from the other so that theswitchlevers 88, 89 and Qtwill 7 be moved in predetermined sequence, all as will be emphasized later in this specification.

The switch lever 81, while constructed, mounted, and adapted for control in the same manner as is switch lever 33, is controlled by the long dwell or depressed surface III of the cam H2 formed as a part of the sleeve 29 and rotatable integrally with the index release 28. The relationship of the depressed surface I II to the index release 28 is such that when the index release operates roller 41 in Fig. 7 to hold the index roller 39 out of indexing position, then the switch lever 81 is positioned so that its contact-s H3, I I4 are away from switch closing position. When the brake treadle B is depressed to release the brakes, the consequent rotation of the index re lease cam 29 will effect a rotation of the cam H2 and depressed surface III to the position of Fig. 14. In this position of the parts the switch lever 31 is allowed to move under spring pressure to circuit closing position as is readily seen. Thus, the switch lever 81 is brought to circuit closing position by the depression of brake treadle B to release the brake while the remaining switch levers 39, 89, and 90 are brought into circuit closing position by the rotation of the hand lever 11 and the shaft 23.

If desired, the hand lever 11 may be dispensed with and the primary actuator 35 rotated through the medium of the brake treadle B and the index release 28. Similarly, the index release 28 and switch cam 29 may be rotated free of brake treadle B by hand lever 11. It will be noted in Fig. 11 that the primary actuator is formed with a laterally extending arm H5 formed with a threaded bore H6. The index release 28, as best seen in Figs. 5, 9, and 14, is formed with a slot I I1. In Fig. 5 I show in phantom a stud H8 that may be inserted into the bore H of the arm H5, with the head of the stud lying in the slot H1. In this fashion the index release is secured for rotation integrally with the primary actuator. By connecting the bifurcated end I6 of the rod I to the lever I1 through the hole I9 best shown in Fig. 9, rotary movement may be imparted to index release 28 and primary actuator 35 by brake treadle B. The first depression of the brake treadle B will now act to release the brake and close a circuit through the first switch lever 01 and its contacts H3, H4. Further movement of the brake treadle B will act through the primary actuator and spring 54 to rotate the controller cam carrier 49 and its three cams 59. This will operate in sequence the three switch levers 88, 89, and 90. Of course, return of the brake treadle B to its position of Fig. 1 will effect a movement of the index lever 40 to withdraw the index roller 39 from index plate 38 just as previously described.

In a reverse fashion, the brake treadle could be released from the lever I1 and the hand lever 11 would then rotate the several parts sequentially as required as already set forth. There is mounted within the casing C as best seen in Fig. 5 an anti-plugging relay designated generally by reference letters AP, the function of which will hereinafter be set forth. It will here be necessary to indicate merely that this anti-plugging relay utilizes a pair of relays I20 and IEI supported on a bracket I22 suitably secured to the casing C. The armature of this anti-plugging relay is designated by reference numeral I23 and carries contacts I24 and I25 for cooperation respectively with contacts I26 and I21.

As part of my controller I utilize a directional switch that is designated generally by the refer- 8V ence letter D. This directional switch is housed within a casing I28 best illustrated in Figs. 1, 3, and 6. The casing I28 is suitably supported on the casing C of the controller and is formed with an opening I29 for the passage of means secured to the upper end of the rod 2| extending upwardly from the treadle O. The upper end of the rod 2| carries a length adjusting sleeve |30 that is formed with a pair of pins |3| operating in slots I32 of a pair of spaced index plates I33 that are pivoted on a bolt I34 carried by the easing I28. A torsion spring I35 presses against the casing I28 and is bent so as to apply pressure against a bolt I36 carried between the index plates I33 whereby to urge the index plates in a clockwise direction in Fig. 6 about the bolt I34.

A shaft I31 is supported between the index plates I33 and has mounted thereon a roller I38 that coacts with the index dwell I39 of a switch plate I40. This plate I40 is secured for rotation with a shaft |4I that has pinned thereto at I42 a hand lever I43. A spring I44 is mounted between the casing D and the switch plate I40 so as to urge the plate normally into its neutral position of Fig. 6.

An insulation member I45 is supported by studs I46 relatively to the casing I28. Looking at Fig. 6, there is supported at the left hand side of the insulation member I45 a pair of yielding contacts I41 that are maintained spring pressed into proper position by springs I48 held under compression by suitable bolts I49. At the right hand side of the insulation member I45 there are a similar pair of contacts I50. For cooperation with either pair of contacts, that is for cooperation with either the contacts I41 or the contacts I50, the disc I40 has secured thereto opposed contacts I5 I. It is obvious that rotation of the hand lever I43 clockwise in Fig. 6 will bring the contacts I5| into bridging relation to contacts I41, while counter-clockwise rotation will bring the contacts |5| into bridging relation to contacts I 50.

The strength of the spring I35 is such that when the index plates I33 are in the position of Fig. 6 and the lever I43 is rotated, the roller I38 will hold the switch plate I40 and contacts |5I in either a counter-clockwise or a clockwise rotated position. Upon a downward movement of the rod 2| the index plates I33 will be rotated in a counter-clockwise direction in Fig. 6 to withdraw the roller I 33. When the roller I 38 is so withdrawn, the switch plate I40 and the hand lever I43 will be released for movement under the influence of spring I44 (Fig. 3) to the initial, neutral, and central position of Fig. 6. In other words, the index plates I33 under the influence of the spring I35 are adapted to maintain the switch mechanism within casing I28 in any position to which it is moved when the rod 2| is in its position of Fig. 6. However, upon downward movement of the rod 2| and its enlarged end I30, the switch mechanism will be released from roller I38 to move to the open position of Fig. 6 from either a counter-clockwise or clockwise rotated position. Actually, this withdrawal of index roller I38 takes place when the operator steps off the treadle O.

The controller mechanism herein described is adapted for cooperation with contactors, and for a description of one of the contactors, reference is now made to Figs. l6, l7, and 18. There it will be noted that each contactor comprises a heavy U frame I55 to which is bolted a coil I56 through the medium of a bolt I51. Sheet metal brackets I58 are secured to the U frame I55 through bolts I58a, and these brackets are formed with. holes I59 whereby the contactor may be bolted in proper operating position on the truck. The armature of each contactor is a simple piece of iron bent in general L shape form as, can best be seen from Fig. 16, the armature there being designated by reference numeral 16%. A threaded pin it! is formed with a head I62 whereby it is secured tov the U member I55, passing through a bore I63 of this U member :55.

The armature IE is formed with, a cup-shaped depression [6.4 and a bore I65 through which passes the threaded pin I 6|. A spring N56 is positioned about pin IGI so that one. end thereof lies within the cup-shaped depression its while the outer end thereof is pressed against a disc I6! that is threaded onto the end of the pin ISI. By rotating the disc. IS! the initial compression of the spring {66 may be varied, thereby varying the force with which the armature is maintained in its position of Fig. 16, that being the position when the coil I59 is de-energized.

A pair of studs I68 secure to the armature I60 a hollow box-like member I 69 having an integral arm I10 extending laterally therefrom. Of course, suitable insulation means are utilized, as is well shown in the drawings, to insulate the member I69 and its arm IIll from the armature I50. Mounted within the box-like member Ice is an upper contact bar I'll and a lower contact bar I12, the two bars being maintained separated by a spring I13 and pressed thereby toward the end surfaces I6=9a and [69b of the box-like member V6.9. Cooperating with the contact 'bar iII are a pair of contacts I'M suitably secured by bolts I15 and nuts 'I T6 to portions of the brackets l& and insulated therefrom. For cooperation with the lower contact bar I12 the brackets I 58 carry contact members ITI secured relatively thereto in the same manner as are the contacts "I'M, Naturally, extending to the contacts I'M and ill will be suitable leads as those skilled in the art will appreciate, and as will be further indicated hereinafter.

At this point it will be well to emphasize that when the armature I60 is in its position of Fig. 16 because the coil I56 is ole-energized, the bar I'II carried 'by the armature 'is yieldingly maintained in contact making position relatively to contacts I'M. Thus, the spring I65 presses the armature I50 so as to rotat the armature and its box-like member I89 whereby through the spring 'I13 to apply pressure against contact bar Hi. It will be noted in Fig. 16 that when the contact bar I'II is in contact making position the spring H3 is somewhat compressed. This is a very helpful condition because, when the coil 15B is thereafter energized to rotate the armature I69 to the position indicated by the dot and dash line Ifilla of Fig. 1 6, the initial compression of the spring I73 will help to overcome the resistance of spring I 66 to this movement of the armature. In other words, when the armature is at its greatest distance from the coil so that the coil is least efiicient, the spring I73 helps the coil to do its work.

It will be noted that when the armature is in its dash and dotted line position designated by reference numeral 1 60a there will be a space between it and the core of the coil I 5-5. Therefore, there will bea break in. the magnetic lines of flux so. that when the circuit of the coil 56 is broken the spring I86 will be effective to snap the armature back to its position of Fig. 16.- This is an important feature and obviates the need for insulation between armature I60 and coil [56.

When the coil I56 is energized, the armature I66 will swing downwardly bringing the bar I1 into bridging relation to the contacts ill. Th contacts will be maintained in this bridged relation through the medium of thepressure of spring I13 as has already been indicated. With the armature in the downward position for closing a circuit through contacts ill, an auxiliary or control circuit will be closed through a pair of contacts llil suitably carried and insulate-d from the brackets I58. The contacts I are bridged by legs I82 of a spring-like brass plate 183 that is secured to the armature I60 by the same studs i 68 that hold the box-like member [=69 to the armature. Of course, suitable insulation means are provided for insulating the plate I83 from the armature and the other mechanism associated therewith.

1. shall now refer to Fig. 15 for the purpose of describing the complete operation of the mechanism I have set forth in detail above. In Fig. 15 the armature of the traction motor that is controlled by the means set forth is designated by the word Armature while the field is designated by the word Field. The resistance for controlling the speed of operation of the motor is noted as Resistance in the drawings. Each of the four contactors employed by me, one having been describe-d by me with reference to Figs. 16, 17, and 18, is outlined by dotted lines, and the four contactors are named contactor No. 1, con-tactor No 2, etc. It will be noted that two of the contactors are equipped with the plate I83 having contact legs 182-, while two of the c-ontactors do not have such means. It will also be noted that while the extreme left contactor bears the same reference numerals as the contactor described with reference to Figs. 16, 1'7, and 18, the remaining eontactors bear the said reference numerals with the additional letter, a, b, and c. For simplicity, the two bars I'H, I12 of each contactor are combined as a single bar [12, since functionally they serve as a single bar for bridging the opposed pairs of contacts.

With the controller in neutral position and both the hand levers I43 and H positioned as in Fig. 3 and the foot treadles positioned as in Fig. 1, the operator steps on the truck platform P and in order to start the truck he will depress the brake treadle B. This depression of the brake treadle will elf-cot the rotation of the index release 2-8 whereby to permit the index lever to to move to its position of Fig. 14 under the pressure of spring 44. :In this position the index plate 3-8 will be maintained yieldingly in any position to which it is moved by the primary actuator 35 of which it is an integral part. The movement of the index release effects also the movement of the switch cam 29 and its portion H2 so as to bring the dwell or depressed surface III opposite the roller 94 of the switch lever 31. The spring 95 will immediately effect a movement of the lever '81 to close a circuit at H3, I I4. At the same time, the operator will depress the treadle O bringing the roller I398 of the index plates I33 (Fig. 6) into indexing relation at I39 relatively to switch plate MID of the direction controller D.

Thereafter, the operator will rotate the direction controller D so as to bring the contacts |5I into bridging relation relatively to the contacts I47 or the contacts I58. We will first assume that the operator wishes to go in a forward di rection and that to do this the contacts I5I must bridge contacts I 41. The motor will not as yet start even when all this is accomplished because the circuit of both contactors I55, I5Ba is broken at the anti-plugging switch designated AP in Fig. 15. In addition, neither of the contact-or coils I56, IBM is excited because the control circuits of each of the contactors is open at I80, I82. Actually, it is impossible to excite either of the coils I50 or I 56a except through a circuit in shunt relation to the coil -AP and control points .182, I80, and IBM, IBM. Closing of this shunt circuit is accomplished by moving the hand lever 11 to a position wherein the dwell 60a is brought opposite the roller 94 of switch lever 88. It will be noted that dwell 60a is very short, while dwell I I I is really a depressed surface and runs for the entire distance of the cam I I2 from the point where the dwell begins. Therefore, while dwell a allows switch lever 80 to move to closed position through the rotation of the cams 59 to a predetermined position, dwell III is of such length as to allow switch lever 31 to remain closed in all rotated positions of the surface II2 beyond the position illustrated in Fig. 14.

With the switch lever 88 in circuit closing position, a circuit will be closed at IOI, I02. Current will now flow as follows: From the power source through conductor 200 to left contact I11a, conductor 205, contact I02 and contact IOI to the directional switch. There, because the directional switch was closed to bring contacts I5I in bridging relation to contacts I41, current will flow across contacts I41 to contactor coil I56, conductor 20I to point 202 in the anti-plugging coil. From that point current will flow through the coils I20 and I2I in parallel, inducing a magnetic flux that will bring the armature I23 downwardly. From coil I2I the current will fiow into the conductor 203 and then to the armature. From coil I20 the current will flow to the conductor 204 and then through the resistance into the armature.

Since contactor coil I56 is now energized, its armature I60 will pivot downwardly so as to bring contacts I12 into bridging relation to stationary contacts I11. A traction circuit will now be closed through the motor bringing the motor into first speed. This traction circuit is as follows: Conductor 200, left contact I11a to contacts I11 bridged by contacts I12 of the armature I60. Then to the left contact I14, through the field to right contact I14a, across contacts I12a of armature of I60a to left contact "4a to conductor 204. Since neither the third or fourth contactor coils I501) or I500 are excited, the current will then go from conductor 204 through all of the resistance and then to conductor 203 and the armature of the motor to the current source. Thus, the circuit of the motor will be established through all of the resistance and the motor will be in first speed.

Simultaneously with the establishment of the motor circuit as above set forth through the energizing of the first contactor coil I50 for one direction, or the energizing 0f the second contactor coil IBM for the reverse direction, there will be energized a circuit in by-pass relation to the switch contacts IOI, I02 of switch lever 88. It will be recalled that switch lever 88 is moved to circuit closing position when the speed operating lever 11 is rotated to move that cam 59 that has the dwell 60a. The by-pass circuit referred to is as follows: From conductor 200 to the left contact I11a, conductor 205, across contacts H3, N4 of switch lever 81 and to the contact I26 of the anti-plugging relay AP. It will be recalled that the coils I20 and I2I were first energized by the movement of switch lever to bring contacts IOI I 02 into switch closing position and that the armature I 23 of the anti-plugging coil was therefore moved downward with its contacts I24 positioned in bridging relation to contacts I20, I21. The circuit will therefore continue across contacts I20, I21 and conductor 200 to contacts I80 and across those contacts because the armature I00 has been moved downwardly to bring contacts I02 into bridging relation to the contacts I80.

The circuit will then continue through conductor 201 and across the left contacts I41 in the directional switch. From there the circuit will continue through conductor 200 to coil I55, conductor 20! into coils I 20, I2I, energizing those coils so that their magnetic pull will be n the same direction as when they were first energized through switch lever 88. The circuit will then continue through coil I2I into conductor 203 and the armature. The circuit through coil I20 will continue into conductor 204 and thence through the resistance into the armature. It is thus seen that once the first speed circuit has been closed through the prerequisite movement of the lever 88 as earlier described, the consequent movement of one of the contactor relays I50, I551; to close a circuit across contacts I80 or I00a through the downward movement of the armatures of either of coils I50, I50a, will eifect the maintenance of a closed circuit through either of the said coils I50, I500 independent of the switch lever 88.

Through this relationship of the parts the further rotation of the cam carrier may open the circuit closed by the switch lever 00 Without disturbing the circuit established through the con tactor coil I50 or the contactor coil Ifita. Thus, if the speed handle 11 is rotated now so as to bring the short dwell 00a of switch cam 00 away from the roller 94 of switch lever 88, the circuit will be opened at IIlI, I02, but the circuit of coil I50 will remain closed and the truck will continue to move forward. The rotation of cams 50 will bring dwell Sic into position to allow movement of switch lever 89 to close a circuit across contacts I01, I00, while dwell I II will allow the lever 81 to remain in circuit closing position. This will effect the energizing of the coil I50 of contactor No. 3 and the downward movement of the armature I002) to close a circuit across contacts I112). A circuit will now be closed through the field of the motor as earlier described into conductor 204. However, the circuit will now not extend through the entire resistance but instead will go from conductor 204 into conductor 209 and across the bridged contacts I140. Thence the circuit will extend to bridged contacts I11b bridged by the downward movement of the armature I002). From this point the circuit will run to point 2I0 of the resistance and through the remainder of the resistance into conductor 203 and through the armature. The circuit now established will be the second speed circuit.

A still further rotation of the speed lever 11 will bring the dwell 02a of the third cam 50 into position to release switch lever 90 for bridging a circuit at I00, III]. However, the dwell 5Ia is of sufficient length so that the switch lever 00 will remain in that position just described above in which contacts I01, I08 are in bridging position. Lever 81 remains, of course, in circuit closing position. Therefore, coils I50?) and I56c will both be energized and contacts H12) and I will be bridged. The circuit will now extend from the 13 field into the conductor 204, through the resistance to point 2"] and then to bridged contacts H12) and bridged contacts II'Ic to conductor 203 and the armature. The circuit thu established is through but a small portion of the resistance and is what I term the third speed circuit.

If the speed lever is now rotated still further. the dwell B I a will move beyond the roller of switch lever 89 so as to open the contacts at I01, I08. However, a circuit will remain established at I09, H because of the continued positioning of the switch lever 90 in bridging relation, the dwell 62a being sufficiently long for that purpose. The circuit now established will be through the field into conductor 204 and thence across bridged contacts I'Mb, bridged contacts H and into conductor 203 and the armature. All of the resist ance will now be shunted so that a full speed circuit is now established as will be readily appreciated. Those skilled in ihe art will understand now just how it is possible by the novel contribution of my invention to obtain a four speed and directional control of my motor with the minimum number of contactors I utilize.

With either a second, third, or fourth speed circuit established, the switch lever 88 will be positioned so that its contacts I01, I02 are not in circuit closing position. Now, bearing this point in mind, it is important to see what happens if the operator moves his directional switch to reverse the direction of movement of the truck while the truck is running in second, third, or fourth speed. Immediately upon an opening of the circuit at contacts M1 by the movement of the contacts IEI, the cont-actor coil I55 will be 'de-energized and the circuit will be opened at contacts I80 through the upward movement of the armature carrying the contacts I82. When the contacts I5I then move into bridging relation to contacts I50 for a reverse direction operation the contacts I80a are unbridged. Simultaneously, the anti-plugging coils I20, I2I have become unexcited and the armature I23 has moved to the position of Fig. so that the contacts I24 are no longer in circuit closing position. Therefore, it is impossible to close the circuit of coil I56a to reverse the direction of movement of the truck.

Only by returning the speed lever H to first speed position, in which position switch lever 88 closes a circuit at illi, I02, can a closing of the motor circuit be effected for reversing its directional operation. Thus, with a circuit closed at IOI, I02, the anti-plugging coils I20, I2I will be again energized so as to close the circuit through contacts I26, I25. The energizing of the coil I 55a will then eilect a bridging of the contacts 588a so that the circuit of contactor [56a remains closed even after switch lever 88 is thereafter moved away from bridging position.

It is important to consider that no directional circuit can be closed through the motor by the simultaneous actuation of contactors I56, I56a. Therefore, contactors I56 and I55a may be said to be inherently interlocked. This is extremely important because it does away with the necessity for providing either mechanical or electrical interlocking means between the contactor coils. The circuit established through the field when contactor !56 is energized has already been indi cated as from conductor d through bridged contacts I'II, the field, and then through bridged contacts IMa to conductor 264. With contactor |a excited, the directional circuit will be through conductor 200 across bridged contacts II'Ia through the field in a reverse direction, then bridged contacts I'M to the left contact I'Ma and toward the resistance. Thus, for drive in one direction, the circuit is closed through the contacts bridged by the energizing of one contactor coil and through the contacts bridged when the other coil remains de-energized. For reverse directional operation the opposite is true. Thus, one coil must always be energized and the other coil de-energized.

It will be recalled that the magnetic flux in the coils I20, l2I is downwardly in Fig. 15 when those coils are energized by the controller operation. Therefore, armature I23 is brought downwardly to place contacts I24 in bridging relation to contacts I26, I21. It is important to consider this relationship of the parts because this relationship is utilized to prevent the operator reversing the motor to brake the truck. For preventing this particular abuse of the truck, I utilize also the arrangement of coil i'2I in a position to receive any current generated by the armature of the motor when coasting this generation of current being in a direction upwardly from contact point 203a in Fig. 15 when the motor is generating current through running downhill.

Let us now consider that the motor is running downhill and the current is being generated as indicated. If the slope is sufiiciently long, the operator will have an opportunity to move into first speed and then into second, third, and fourth speeds. However, the current being generated by the motor will traverse the coil I2! in a direction so that its magnetic flux will be opposite the direction in which the current and magnetic flux is induced in coil I20. Thus, there will be insufficient magnetic pull to maintain armature I23 so that its contacts I24 bridge contacts 126, I21. Therefore, as soon as the operator reaches second speed position or higher, with the contacts IIlI, I02 out of bridging position, the circuit opening movement of the armature I23 will break the circuit of that contactor I56, I56a that happens to be energized. This will immediately open the motor circuit as has already been indicated. In first speed position the motor may be used as a brake because the circuit of coil I2Il and the circuit of either of the contactors I50, I56a is established through contacts IEJI, I02 rather than through the contacts I24 of the armature I23. However, the plugging of the motor, as the indus try terms the utilization of the motor as a brake, will not be harmful in the first speed position.

I believe that the operation of my invention and the mechanism by me described will now be clear to those skilled in the art.

I now claim:

1. In a controller, operating mechanism, circuit controlling means mounted for movement, energy storing means positioned between said operating mechanism and circuit controlling means and through which said operating mechanism moves said circuit controlling means in one direction, a timing mechanism for controlling the speed of movement of said circuit controlling means in said one direction by said energy storing means, and abutments through which said operating mechanism moves said circuit controlling means in the opposite direction.

In a controller, operating mechanism, circuit controlling means mounted for rotation in said controller, a spring extending between said circuit controlling means and said operating mechanism and through which said operating mechanism rotates said circuit controlling means in one direction, a dashpot mechanism actuated by said circuit controlling means for controlling its speed of movement by said spring, and means whereby said operating mechanism rotates said circuit controlling means opposite to said one direction.

3. In a controller, operating mechanism, circuit controlling means mounted for rotation in said controller, a spring extending between said circuit controlling means and said operating mechanism and through which said operating mechanism rotates said circuit controlling means in one direction, a dashpot mechanism actuated by said circuit controlling means for controlling its speed of movement by said spring in said direction, and abutments through which said op erating mechanism moves said circuit controlling means in the opposite direction.

4. In a controller, operating mechanism, circuit controlling means mounted for rotation in said controller, a spring extending between said circuit controlling means and said operating mechanism and through which said operating mechanism rotates said circuit controlling means, a dashpot mechanism actuated by said circuit controlling means for controlling its speed of movement by said spring, and a lost motion connection between said circuit controlling means and said dashpot mechanism whereby the first movement of said circuit controlling means is independent of said dashpot.

5. In a controller, a casing, a shaft rotatable in said casing, means for rotating said shaft, a primary actuator secured to said shaft, a circuit closing means mounted for rotation about the axis of said shaft but independently thereof, spring means secured between said primary actuator and said circuit closing means whereby said primary actuator yieldingly rotates said circuit closing means in one direction, timer mechanism for controlling the speed of rotation of said circuit closing means by said spring means, and means whereby said means for rotating said shaft rotates said circuit closing means opposite to said one direction independently of said timer mechanism.

6. In a controller, a casing, a shaft rotatable in said casing, means for rotating said shaft, a primary actuator secured to said shaft, a circuit closing means mounted for rotation about the axis of said shaft but independently thereof, spring means secured between said primary actuator and said circuit closing means whereby said primary actuator yieldingly rotates said circuit closing means in one direction, a dashpot mechanism, a part of said dashpot mechanism connected for movement by said circuit closing means to control its speed of rotation by said spring, and means whereby said means for rotating said shaft rotates said circuit closing means opposite to said one direction.

7. In a controller, a cam carrier, means rotatably mounting said cam carrier for rotation, a series of switch controlling cams rotatable integrally with said cam carrier, a series of switch levers, spring means pressing said switch levers toward switch closing position, said cams having surfaces for preventing movement of said switch levers to switch closing position, said cams having dwells which when moved to predetermined positions release said switch levers for movement to switch closing position, said dwells being of varying lengths and angularly spaced for controlling the movement of said switch levers to switch closing position in predetermined combinations as said cams rotate with said cam carrier, an operator for rotating said cam carrier, movement imparting means between said operator and said cam carrier and through which said operator imparts movement to said cam carrier, and a timing mechanism for controlling the speed of movement of said cam carrier by said movement imparting means.

8. In a controller, a cam carrier, means rotatably mounting said cam carrier for rotation, a series of switch controlling cams rotatable integrally with said cam carrier, a series of switch levers, spring means pressing said switch levers toward switch closing position, said cams having surfaces for preventing movement of said switch levers to switch closing position, said cams having dwells which when moved to predetermined positions release said switch levers for movement to switch closing position, said dwells being of varying lengths and angularly spaced for controlling the movement of said switch levers to switch closing position in predetermined combinations as said cams rotate with said cam carrier, an operator for rotating said cam carrier, energy storing means between said operator and said cam carrier and through which said operator imparts movement to said cam carrier, and a timing mechanism for controlling the speed of move ment of said cam carrier by said energy storing means.

9. In a controller for the circuit of an electric motor, a plurality of contactors, a, rotating control member, cams rotatable with said control member, circuits for operating said contactors, means whereby continuous rotation of said cams in one direction effects the sequential closing and openin of the circuits of predetermined combinations of said contactors, an operator for ro tating said control member, movement imparting means between said operator and said control member and through which said operator imparts movement to said control member, and a timing mechanism for controlling the speed of movement of said control member by said movement imparting means.

10. In a controller for the circuit of an electric motor, a plurality of contactors, a rotating control member, cams rotatable with said control member, circuits for operating said contactors, means whereby continuous rotation of said cams in one direction eifects the sequential closing and opening of the circuits of predetermined combinations of said contactors, an operator for rotating said control member, energy storing means between said operator and said control member and through which said operator imparts movement to said control member, and a timing mechanism for controlling the speed of movement of said control member by said energy storing means.

11, In a controller for controlling a plurality of speed circuits of an electric motor, a moving control member, means whereby the movement of said control member in one direction from a predetermined position closes sequentially each of the said plurality of speed circuits, the said circuits being open when said control member is in said predetermined position, an operator for moving said control member from said predetermined position in said one direction to close sequentially said plurality of circuits, energy storing means between said operator and control member through which said operator imparts said movement to said control member, a

timing mechanism for controlling the speed of movement of said control member by said energy storing means, and means whereby said operator returns said control member to said predetermined position independently of said timing mechanism.

12. In a controller for controlling a plurality of speed circuits of an electric motor, a moving control member, means whereby the movement of said control member in one direction from a predetermined position closes sequentially each of the said plurality of speed circuits, the said circuits being open when said control member is in said predetermined position, an operator for moving said control member from said predetermined position to close sequentially said plurality of circiuts, energy storing means between said operator and control member through which said operator imparts movement to said control member, and a timing mechanism for controlling the speed of movement of said control member by said energy storing means.

13. In a controller for controlling a plurality of speed circuits of an electric motor, a rotating control member, means mounting said control member for rotation, means whereby the rotation of said control member in one direction from a predetermined position closes sequentially each of the said plurality of speed circuits, the said circuits being open when said control member is in said predetermined position, a manually actuated operator for rotating said control member from said predetermined position to close sequentially said plurality of circuits, energy storing means between said manually actuated operator and said control member through which said operator imparts rotation to said control member, and a timing mechanism for controlling the speed of movement of said control member by said energy storing means.

BRONISLAUS I. ULINSKI.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 693,355 Springer Feb. 11, 1902 731,375 Liggett June 16, 1903 773,825 Hill Dec. 27, 1904 928,547 Schureman July 20, 1909 968,468 i-lalblieb Aug. 23, 1910 969,585 White et al Sept. 6, 1910 1,412,589 Zweigbergh Apr. 11, 1922 1,495,612 Rockwell May 27, 1924 1,625,773 Park Apr. 19, 1927 1,832,116 Heising et al Nov. 17, 1931 2,148,472 Joy Feb. 28, 1939 2,233,533 James Mar. 4, 1941 2,242,362 Marbury May 20, 1941 2,289,377 Clarke Apr. 21, 1942 2,354,965 Ostermann et a1 Aug. 1, 1944 2,445,450 Nar'butovskih July 20, 1948 

